Audit & Tax services

I. Attest Engagements (Assurance) 

a. Audit 

In an audit of financial statements, our Certified Public Accountant (CPA) will plan and perform the audit engagement to obtain reasonable assurance that the financial statements lack material misstatements.  Our CPA will select procedures based on his or her judgment. Such methods may include inquiry, physical inspection, observation, third-party confirmation, examination, and other methods. We will perform mainly audits of financial statements of non-public entities following the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) Statements on Auditing Standards (SASs), which is referred to as generally accepted auditing standards (GAAS). Public entities are audited following the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) Standards. 

b. Examination 

Examinations are similar to audit engagements designed to provide a high level of assurance on information other than historical financial statements. Examinations are performed in accordance with the AICPA Statements on Standards for Attestation Engagements (SSAEs). Our CPA will examine prospective financial information (forecast or a projection). 

a. Review 

In a review, our CPA will seek to obtain limited assurance as a basis for reporting if any material modifications should be applied to the financial statements, so they are presented according to the applicable financial reporting framework. A review provides a substantially lesser degree of assurance than an audit. It is often performed for privately held companies obligated to provide financial statements to outside parties such as banks, creditors, or potential purchasers. A review of financial statements is conducted adhering to the AICPA Statements on Standards for Accounting and Review Services (SSARSs). A review of certain interim financial information is conducted under the AICPA Statements on Auditing Standards (SASs). Finally, a review of subject matter other than historical financial statements is performed following the AICPA Statements on Standards for Attestation Engagements (SSAEs). 

II. Attest Engagement (Non-Assurance) 

In non-assurance services, our CPA will issue a report that does not express an opinion or conclusion on the subject matter as in financial statements, for example. 

Agreed-Upon Procedures (AUP)

An AUP engagement is one in which our CPA will issue a report but will not opine or conclude on the subject matter of findings based on procedures agreed upon between our CPA and specified parties at the beginning of engagement. 

III. Compilation Engagements 

Our CPA will perform this type of service, applying accounting and financial reporting expertise to help clients present their financial information. Our CPA will not seek to obtain any assurance as a basis for reporting if any material modifications should be applied to the financial statements, so they are presented according to the applicable financial reporting framework. Our CPA will determine if he or she is independent of the client and include this determination in a report issued under the AICPA Statements on Standards for Accounting and Review Services (SSARSs). 

IV. Non-Attest Engagements 

Preparation Services

Our CPA will use his or her knowledge of the client business in a preparation service to prepare financial statements under the AICPA Statements on Standards for Accounting and Review Services (SSARSs). However, those standards do not require independence determination nor requirement to issue a report on services performed. 

Our support extends to other non-attest services such as:

• Bookkeeping
• Tax preparation
• Training
• Project management